What is Rapid Selective Atp bioluminescence?
Selective Rapid Atp bioluminescence analyzes specifically ATP of targeted microorganisms, without the ATP of other non targeted cells. This selective rapid Atp bioluminescence assay does not require growth media incubation, nor physical separation by cell size by fltration nor centrifugation.
Rapid selective Atp bioluminescence uses selective reagent chemistry to detect by bioluminescence within minutes or hours targeted microorganisms from non-targeted microorganisms in a sample containing both targeted and non-targeted microorganims.
What is NOT Rapid Selective Atp bioluminescence?
Rapid Selective Atp bioluminescence does not require physical separation, as filtration or centrifugation. Filtration & centrifugation cannot separate efficiently many microorganims from each other. These separation technologies give deceitfull results when trying to discriminate microorganisms by size.
Let’s see why for example yeasts are so difficult to discriminate from lactic acid bacteria by filtration or centrifugation.
Besides Rapid Selective Atp bioluminescence does not require prior media growth prior to Atp bioluminescence to be selective. See below Why selective growth media incubation + Atp bioluminescence is not a rapid solution for yeast discrimination from bacteria?
Yeasts cannot be separated easily from lactic bacteria
Why yeasts cannot be separated easily from lactic acid bacteria in a food-beverage sample.
As shown here on left picture, lactic acid bacteria binds veyr often to yeast cells.
Yeasts cannot be easily separated from all acetic and lactic bacteria. As some bacteria cells adhere to yeast cells and form microbial clusters.
So due to this issue, physically separating yeasts from lactic acid bacteria by filtration or centrigugation in real life beverage matrix is not feasible, nor realistic.
It may work if you make your own lab mixture of yeast and lactic acid bacteria in a lab controlled setting and mix it in a beverage matrix, but it will not in real beverage sample processing situation.
Besides seeding artificially lactic acid bacteria or yeast not belonging to the same food-beverage matrix, is stressfull, and may trigger for certain microorganisms a viable but non culturable state, which may not be recovered solely by incubation in a growth media.
Why selective growth media incubation + Atp bioluminescence is not a rapid solution for yeast discrimination from bacteria?
Selective rapid Atp bioluminescence used in food or beverage industries is for a rapid on-site alert tool indicating risks of spoilage, so as that producer may take immediate corrective action.
For this reason, selective growth media incubation of sample for 48 hours to identify yeast cells growth, is not a solutions as meanwhile spoilage continues .
Besides many wild yeast as Brettanomyces and other wild yeasts requires 7 to 10 days to grow on plate count agar method.
It is even more so for some lactic acid bacteria, requiring 7-10 days to grow on selective media.
A challenge: how to discriminate yeast ATP from bacterial ATP.
Therefore ATP test methods, whether 1st, 2nd ir 3rd generation Atp bioluminescence methods, cannot differentiate yeasts from bacteria, when yeast ATP is analyzed together with bacterial ATP.
As seen above, yeasts form very often clusters with bacteria, which are very difficult , if not impossible, to separate by filtration or centrifugation.
This is one of the reasons why these classic Atp bioluminescence methods are not used in oenology except for hygiene control, as a single yeast cell contains as much ATP as 100 viable bacterial cells.
On the other hand, important populations of lactic acid bacteria (10 exponential 7/ml) are found during wine aging. These bacteria may overwhelm bioluminescence results making it impossible to determine number of viable yeasts in the sample.
4th generation Atp test kit: rapid yeast discrimination from bacteria.
Selective Atp bioluminescence, allows in a mixed population of microorganisms to detect selectively ATP from targeted microorganisms, without detecting ATP from non targeted microorganisms. Here a mixed population of yeasts and bacteria are present. A preliminary treatment destroys yeasts and eliminates its ATP, then remaining targeted bacterial are releasing their ATP and this bacterial ATP is revealed by adding Luciferin-luciferase complex producing a biolumiscent light reaction.
You want to see an example of selective Atp bioluminescence click on this link to see how our Brett Alert kit allows to selectively discriminate predominant Brettanomyces bruxellesis yeasts from bacteria in bottom wine barrel samples.
